TQ2440之uboot---7.start.S中关于bl指令的理解
扫描二维码
随时随地手机看文章
编译u-boot时,在Makefile 的ALL变量最后加上$(obj)u-boot.dis,会编译出u-boot.dis,u-boot.dis是通过arm-linux-objdum –d 生成u-boot的每一条指令的反汇编。
33d80080: e59f13f4 ldr r1, [pc, #1012]
33d80084: e59f03f4 ldr r0, [pc, #1012]
33d80088: e5801000 str r1, [r0]
33d8008c: eb000015 bl 33d800e8
………
33d800e8 :
33d800e8: e3a00000 mov r0, #0 ; 0x0
上面的bl指令,从表面上看 bl 33d800e8,好像是跳到了绝对地址0x33d800e8处,此时是运行在绝对0x0地址处,然后用bl一下子跳到了内存地址0x33d800e8处,可是此时内存都还没有初始化就运行,这怎么可能?
这好像是很矛盾,但仔细分析一下,原来是这样的:
将 eb000015 转为二进制:
1110 1011 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001 0101
看一下它的具体含义,下面是b/bl 指令的格式-- 出自《ARM Instruction Set》
31-28 –> cond
27-25 –> 101
24 --> L
23-0 –> offset
"Branch instructions contain a signed 2's complement 24 bit offset. This is shifted left two bits, sign extended to 32 bits, and added to the PC. The instruction can therefore specify a branch of +/- 32Mbytes. The branch offset must take account of the prefetch operation, which causes the PC to be 2 words (8 bytes) ahead of the current instruction. Branches beyond +/- 32Mbytes must use an offset or absolute destination which has been previously loaded into a register. In this case the PC should be manually saved in R14 if a Branch with Link type operation is required.“ 出自《ARM Instruction Set》
1110 –> cond –> always 无条件跳转
27-25 –> 说明是B 跳转指令
24 –> L位 Branch with Link, 跳转时将下一条指令的地址拷贝到R14(lr)中
23-0 –> offset=0x15
执行bl后:pc = 当前pc + ( offset<<2 + 8 ) = 0x8c+(0x15<<2+8)= 0xE8
跳到偏移地址为0xE8的地方,也就是 cpu_init_crit函数中。