简单工厂方法模式_C语言实现
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1、简介
简单工厂方法定义一个用于创建对象的类,该类接受一个参数,通过参数决定创建不同的对象。
GOF并没有把简单工厂方法定义为23种设计模式之一,可以认为简单工厂方法是工厂方法的简化形式。
为了体现简单工厂方法和工厂方法的区别和联系,此处把简单工厂方法先单独讲一下。
2、模拟场景
假设你要生产电脑,电脑由硬盘、内存条、CPU、主板的部件组成。你为了保证供应链可靠,每种部件都选择了至少两家供应商。比如:
硬盘供应商 seagate、Toshiba
内存条供应商 SAMSUNG、Crucial
CPU供应商 intel、AMD
主板供应商 intel、AMD
此处列出多个部件是为了后面讲解工厂方法、抽象工厂方法时使用同一个模拟场景。本章讲简单工厂方法暂时不需要涉及这么多部件,所以仅以硬盘这一个部件为例进行讲解。
3、实现的思路
硬盘就是要创建的对象(即:产品)。为了让不同供应商提供的硬盘可以通用,要定义一个硬盘产品类,并让不同供应商的硬盘都继承硬盘产品类的接口。
还需要定义一个创建硬盘对象的类(即:工厂)。工厂类根据参数决定创建哪家供应商的硬盘对象。
4、实现硬盘对象创建
参与者:
(1)Product: HardDisk 定义硬盘对象的接口
(2)Concrete Product: SeagateHardDisk, ToshibaHardDisk 实现不同供应商的硬盘
(3)SimpleFactory: HardDiskFactory 根据参数,创建不同供应商的硬盘对象
UML:
HardDisk代码示例:
hard_disk.h:
#ifndef HARD_DISK_H #define HARD_DISK_H struct HardDisk { void (*Operation)(struct HardDisk *this);
}; #endif
SeagateHardDisk代码示例:
seagate_hard_disk.h:
#ifndef SEAGATE_HARD_DISK_H #define SEAGATE_HARD_DISK_H #include "hard_disk.h" struct SeagateHardDisk { struct HardDisk hardDisk; }; // 构造函数 void SeagateHardDisk(struct SeagateHardDisk *this); // 析构函数 void _SeagateHardDisk(struct SeagateHardDisk *this); #endif
seagate_hard_disk.c:
#include "seagate_hard_disk.h" #include "stdio.h" void SeagateOperation(struct SeagateHardDisk *this) { printf("这是 Seagate 硬盘\n");
} void SeagateHardDisk(struct SeagateHardDisk *this) { this->hardDisk.Operation = (void(*)(struct HardDisk *))SeagateOperation;
} void _SeagateHardDisk(struct SeagateHardDisk *this)
{ this->hardDisk.Operation = NULL;
}
ToshibaHardDisk代码示例:
toshiba_hard_disk.h:
#ifndef TOSHIBA_HARD_DISK_H #define TOSHIBA_HARD_DISK_H #include "hard_disk.h" struct ToshibaHardDisk { struct HardDisk hardDisk; }; // 构造函数 void ToshibaHardDisk(struct ToshibaHardDisk *this); // 析构函数 void _ToshibaHardDisk(struct ToshibaHardDisk *this); #endif
toshiba_hard_disk.c:
#include "toshiba_hard_disk.h" #include "stdio.h" void ToshibaOperation(struct ToshibaHardDisk *this) { printf("这是 Toshiba 硬盘\n");
} void ToshibaHardDisk(struct ToshibaHardDisk *this) { this->hardDisk.Operation = (void(*)(struct HardDisk *))ToshibaOperation;
} void _ToshibaHardDisk(struct ToshibaHardDisk *this)
{ this->hardDisk.Operation = NULL;
}
HardDiskFactory代码示例:
hard_disk_factory.h:
#ifndef HARD_DISK_FACTORY_H #define HARD_DISK_FACTORY_H #include "hard_disk.h" enum HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_E {
HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_SEAGATE,
HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_TOSHIBA
}; struct HardDiskFactory { struct HardDisk* (*Create)(struct HardDiskFactory *this, enum HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_E supplier); void (*Destroy)(struct HardDiskFactory *this,
struct HardDisk* hardDisk);
}; // 构造函数 void HardDiskFactory(struct HardDiskFactory *this); // 析构函数 void _HardDiskFactory(struct HardDiskFactory *this); #endif
hard_disk_factory.c:
#include "hard_disk_factory.h" #include "seagate_hard_disk.h" #include "toshiba_hard_disk.h" #include "stdio.h" #include "stdlib.h" struct HardDisk *Create(struct HardDiskFactory *this, enum HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_E supplier) { switch (supplier) { case HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_SEAGATE:
{ struct SeagateHardDisk *seagateHardDisk = NULL; if ((seagateHardDisk = malloc(sizeof(struct SeagateHardDisk))) == NULL) { printf("fail in malloc\n"); return NULL;
}
SeagateHardDisk(seagateHardDisk); return (struct HardDisk *)seagateHardDisk;
} case HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_TOSHIBA:
{ struct ToshibaHardDisk *toshibaHardDisk = NULL; if ((toshibaHardDisk = malloc(sizeof(struct ToshibaHardDisk))) == NULL) { printf("fail in malloc\n"); return NULL;
}
ToshibaHardDisk(toshibaHardDisk); return (struct HardDisk *)toshibaHardDisk;
} default: printf("未知的供应商\n"); return NULL;
}
} void Destroy(struct HardDiskFactory *this, struct HardDisk* hardDisk) { if (hardDisk != NULL) { free(hardDisk);
}
} // 构造函数 void HardDiskFactory(struct HardDiskFactory *this) { this->Create = Create; this->Destroy = Destroy;
} // 析构函数 void _HardDiskFactory(struct HardDiskFactory *this)
{ this->Create = NULL; this->Destroy = NULL;
}
客户端代码示例:
#include "hard_disk.h" #include "hard_disk_factory.h" #include "stddef.h" void main() { struct HardDisk *hardDisk = NULL; struct HardDiskFactory hardDiskFactory; HardDiskFactory(&hardDiskFactory); // 创建 seagate 硬盘对象 hardDisk = hardDiskFactory.Create(&hardDiskFactory, HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_SEAGATE); // 使用 seagate 硬盘对象 hardDisk->Operation(hardDisk); // 销毁 seagate 硬盘对象 hardDiskFactory.Destroy(&hardDiskFactory, hardDisk); // 创建 toshiba 硬盘对象 hardDisk = hardDiskFactory.Create(&hardDiskFactory, HARD_DISK_SUPPLIER_TOSHIBA); // 使用 seagate 硬盘对象 hardDisk->Operation(hardDisk); // 销毁 toshiba 硬盘对象 hardDiskFactory.Destroy(&hardDiskFactory, hardDisk);
_HardDiskFactory(&hardDiskFactory);
}
客户端显示示例:
./hard_disk
这是 Seagate 硬盘
这是 Toshiba 硬盘
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