yii2数据库查询操作
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首先看findOne的函数定义,该函数定义在BaseActiveRecord当中
return static::findOne(['id' => $id, 'status' => self::STATUS_ACTIVE]);
findOne定义是:
public static function findOne($condition) { return static::findByCondition($condition)->one(); }
也就是说我们需要看一下findByCondition的函数的定义,该函数定义在BaseActiveRecord
protected static function findByCondition($condition) { $query = static::find(); if (!ArrayHelper::isAssociative($condition)) { // query by primary key $primaryKey = static::primaryKey(); if (isset($primaryKey[0])) { $condition = [$primaryKey[0] => $condition]; } else { throw new InvalidConfigException('"' . get_called_class() . '" must have a primary key.'); } } return $query->andWhere($condition); }
find函数的定义是在ActiveRecord类中定义的
public static function find() { return Yii::createObject(ActiveQuery::className(), [get_called_class()]); }
也就是说$query是一个ActiveQuery的对象,其需要传入的参数是需要进行查询的类的名字"User";
中间这一部分,先不要看,因为还没时间看,直接看下面的一行addWhere该函数的定义是在Query类中
public function andWhere($condition, $params = []) { if ($this->where === null) { $this->where = $condition; } else { $this->where = ['and', $this->where, $condition]; } $this->addParams($params); return $this; }
在这里仅仅是将传入的参数$condition,付给ActiveQuery的where成员变量。到此findByCondition已经执行完成,开始执行one函数。该函数定义在ActiveQuery类当中
public function one($db = null) { $row = parent::one($db); if ($row !== false) { $models = $this->populate([$row]); return reset($models) ?: null; } else { return null; } }
首先调用父类Query的one函数,该函数定义如下:
public function one($db = null) { return $this->createCommand($db)->queryOne(); }
这里就需要看一下createCommand函数,该函数的定义是:
public function createCommand($db = null) { if ($db === null) { $db = Yii::$app->getDb(); } list ($sql, $params) = $db->getQueryBuilder()->build($this); return $db->createCommand($sql, $params); }
这里可以看到需要获得数据库链接配置,然后创建queryBuilder对象,并利用build模式构建完整的sql语句
public function build($query, $params = []) { $query = $query->prepare($this); $params = empty($params) ? $query->params : array_merge($params, $query->params); $clauses = [ $this->buildSelect($query->select, $params, $query->distinct, $query->selectOption), $this->buildFrom($query->from, $params), $this->buildJoin($query->join, $params), $this->buildWhere($query->where, $params), $this->buildGroupBy($query->groupBy), $this->buildHaving($query->having, $params), ]; $sql = implode($this->separator, array_filter($clauses)); $sql = $this->buildOrderByAndLimit($sql, $query->orderBy, $query->limit, $query->offset); if (!empty($query->orderBy)) { foreach ($query->orderBy as $expression) { if ($expression instanceof Expression) { $params = array_merge($params, $expression->params); } } } if (!empty($query->groupBy)) { foreach ($query->groupBy as $expression) { if ($expression instanceof Expression) { $params = array_merge($params, $expression->params); } } } $union = $this->buildUnion($query->union, $params); if ($union !== '') { $sql = "($sql){$this->separator}$union"; } return [$sql, $params]; }
好吧,看看这个吧!!!
这一部分使用了build模式,进行创建整个sql语句下面的几个函数就先不说了,因为这一部分就是分部分进行构建查询语句,分部分构建select from join
where group having
每个函数都构建了一部分语句,最后各个部分语句形成了$clauses是由各部分语句的数组。最后返回$sql, $param的数组,得到$sql之后可以继续执行了,,接下来创建$command
return $db->createCommand($sql, $params);
public function createCommand($sql = null, $params = []) { /** @var Command $command */ $command = new $this->commandClass([ 'db' => $this, 'sql' => $sql, ]); return $command->bindValues($params); }
bindValues函数如下:
public function bindValues($values) { if (empty($values)) { return $this; } $schema = $this->db->getSchema(); foreach ($values as $name => $value) { if (is_array($value)) { $this->_pendingParams[$name] = $value; $this->params[$name] = $value[0]; } else { $type = $schema->getPdoType($value); $this->_pendingParams[$name] = [$value, $type]; $this->params[$name] = $value; } } return $this; }
先认为param是空的吧,这一路跟下来,脑袋都快炸了,接下来要执行的是,yiidbcommand类的queryOne函数
public function queryOne($fetchMode = null) { return $this->queryInternal('fetch', $fetchMode); }
queryInternal函数定义
protected function queryInternal($method, $fetchMode = null) { $rawSql = $this->getRawSql(); Yii::info($rawSql, 'yiidbCommand::query'); if ($method !== '') { $info = $this->db->getQueryCacheInfo($this->queryCacheDuration, $this->queryCacheDependency); if (is_array($info)) { /* @var $cache yiicachingCache */ $cache = $info[0]; $cacheKey = [ __CLASS__, $method, $fetchMode, $this->db->dsn, $this->db->username, $rawSql, ]; $result = $cache->get($cacheKey); if (is_array($result) && isset($result[0])) { Yii::trace('Query result served from cache', 'yiidbCommand::query'); return $result[0]; } } } $this->prepare(true); $token = $rawSql; try { Yii::beginProfile($token, 'yiidbCommand::query'); $this->pdoStatement->execute(); if ($method === '') { $result = new DataReader($this); } else { if ($fetchMode === null) { $fetchMode = $this->fetchMode; } $result = call_user_func_array([$this->pdoStatement, $method], (array) $fetchMode); $this->pdoStatement->closeCursor(); } Yii::endProfile($token, 'yiidbCommand::query'); } catch (Exception $e) { Yii::endProfile($token, 'yiidbCommand::query'); throw $this->db->getSchema()->convertException($e, $rawSql); } if (isset($cache, $cacheKey, $info)) { $cache->set($cacheKey, [$result], $info[1], $info[2]); Yii::trace('Saved query result in cache', 'yiidbCommand::query'); } return $result; }
这样看来,就是讲所有的查询结果进行返回,那么会有人问不是findOne吗?在哪里进行的取one操作呢?是在ActiveQuery的one操作中,父类得到所有的查询结果,子类将查询结果进行reset操作,将第一行记录返回
查询总览:
所有的都是这样查询的static::findOne(条件),findOne函数定义是在BaseActiveRecord类中定义的,因为当前使用的User类的父类是ActiveRecord而ActiveRecord的父类是BaseActiveRecord
在此调用的是findByCondition在该函数中获得了ActiveQuery类的对象,同时传入需要修改的类的名称(需要调用该类的静态函数tableName,获得表名称),并且在findByCondition中将条件数组转成
String,方便继续使用,继续调用ActiveQuery的addWhere记录下ActiveQuery的where条件,之后调用Query的one()函数,在Query的one函数中创建了yiidbConnection类的对象,继续调用该db对象的getQueryBuilder函数,创建了一个QueryBuilder对象,然后在QUeryBuilder对象中进行完整的sql构造,将sql查询语句中可能出现的各个子查询都进行分别处理,各部分处理结果得到一个字符串,将这部分字符串组成数组,在展开implode,合成一个sql语句,将生成的sql语句传递给由yiidbConnection创建的yiidbcommand对象,并进行执行queryOne函数该函数调用queryInternal并返回结果集,最后由ActiveQuery的one函数进行reset操作,返回第一个结果记录